Running a BizTalk MSI, on a second BizTalk server, gave this error:

There is a problem with this Windows Installer. A program run as oart of the setup did not finish
as expected. Contact your support personnel or package vendor.

I checked the Windows Application Event Log and found the 1603 number.

In my case, IIS wasn’t fully setup on this server. Thus the MSI installed on the first of two Biztalk servers, but not on the second.
I just had to go to “Windows Features” and complete the install of IIS components, the same way that I did on the first server.